BRCA1 and cancer: Our study identified additional non-recurrent, cancer-associated genes in or near integration sites in HPV+ OPSCC including TGFBR2, FGFR2 [20], PD-L2 [57], TRAF3 [26], BRCA1, SPOP [58], and BCL-2 [59] Our results bolster prior reports that modulation of the function of genes near HPV integration sites is key in the oncogenesis if OPSCC [7].