CD274 and cancer: The ability of HPV integration to alter expression of nearby human genes (within 500 Kb) has been demonstrated in both OPSCC and UCSCC [7,12] with recurrent integration sites identified near genes implicated in cancer such as MYC [7,50], MYB [7], PVT1 [51,52,53], RAD51B [50,54], EMBP1 [55], CD274/PD-L1 [7,56], and SOX2 [7].