A careful balance among therapeutic options, dictated by the efficacy, risk factors (liver cirrhosis, albumin-bilirubin score, thrombocytopenia, alpha-fetoprotein level, age, comorbidities, and extension/complexity of SR), and factors that could encourage surgical resection (superficial tumor, appropriate localization, the proximity of two nodules, an acceptable performance status and liver function) should be made before any therapeutic choice. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is cirrhosis of liver.