ALPK1 and cancer: These paired case–control studies [23,27,28,30] consistently demonstrated that ALPK1 is associated with cancer in humans [25,26] and in cellular models [24,29], providing evidence of an oncogenic role that can be considered as “probable” in accordance with the International Agency for Research on Cancer [41] classification of carcinogenic agents, which evaluates carcinogenicity on the basis of human and animal studies and mechanistic as well as other relevant data.