AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: A completed phase I/II clinical trial (NCT00022334) conducted by Butterfield et al. evaluated the safety and feasibility of a mature-DC vaccine, which was co-pulsed with four immunodominant AFP-derived peptides (AFP137–145, AFP158–166, AFP325–334, and AFP542–550), in treating 10 patients with primary HCC who were positive for class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201 and AFP [29].