TNF and Parkinson disease: The cytotoxic milieu generated in PD, composed of cumulative amounts of IL1β, IL6, and TNF-α, could also endorse the activation of ECs and the subsequent release of CC, CCL2, CCL20, CXC, CXCL1, CX3CL1 [148,149,150], ICAM1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) and E-selectin [151], affecting their function and integrity.