When non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs in human beings, it is usually accompanied by metabolic disorder syndromes and obesity, similar to fatty liver cows having increased plasma insulin and fatty acid concentration, elevated fasting aminotransferase (aspartate aminotransferase, AST/alanine aminotransferase, ALT; Table S1) and/or triglycerides (TG) level, and also an abnormal lipid accumulation in the liver (Figure S1) [51,52,53]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity disorder.