TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Notably, L. plantarum NCU116 had beneficial effects in NAFLD model rats, by inhibiting inflammation (decrease TNFα and IL-6 expression) and hepatic oxidative stress (increase SOD, GSH-Px, and catalase activities), and by restoring bacteria flora [164], while Lactobacillus plantarum NA136 could alleviate NAFLD in mice, by increasing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) cascades, resulting in the activation of different antioxidant pathways and regulation of the fatty acid metabolism [165].