Further, it has been shown that Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 may prevent NAFLD in obese mice, by improving mitochondrial dysfunction and reducing inflammation and gut permeability [166], while treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG could protect mice and rats from NAFLD, by reducing liver fat accumulation and inflammation (decrease TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-8R mRNA expression) [167], and stimulating sirtuins type 1 (SIRT1)-mediated signaling pathway [168], respectively. Here, IL1B is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.