With HIV-infection there are three mechanisms of platelet activation that can result in TGF-β release, i.e., (a) binding of the HIV viral envelope to dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-grabbing non-integrin (pathogen receptor expressed on platelets) [63,105], (b) stimulation by inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β) [63,105], and (c) thrombin generation mediated via monocyte-derived tissue factor, which is significantly increased in HIV-positive patients (both in its soluble state and expression on monocytes) [106]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and HIV infectious disease.