IFN-β can be generated either by non-canonical (inducible signaling pathway) or canonical (signaling which is constitutively active) pathway and seem to dictate the outcome of ALI and patient mortality from COVID-19 as well as autoimmune diseases such as Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS), Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI), etc [114,115,116,117,118,119]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNB1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.