CXCL1 and neoplasm: The molecular analyses displayed in Figure 2 clearly show that Fn can elicit proinflammatory and innate immune responses in intestinal cells, including the activation of NF-kB and secretion of the cancer-associated chemokines CXCL1 (Gro-α) and CXCL-8 (IL-8) [10]; while in part confirmative, these observations gain particular relevance in revealing the potential of CSC to actively participate in the establishment of a tumor-promoting and immunosuppressive microenvironment.