The main components involved in the modulation of DKD inflammation are various cytokines (interleukin 1,6,18, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)), chemokines (e.g., monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)), adhesion molecules (vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)), cells (macrophage, mast cells, dendritic cells) and signaling pathways [19,37,38]. The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.