TNF and major depressive disorder: Cheng et al. [157], by using a model of stress learned helplessness with depression-like behavior, found that TLR4−/− C57Bl/6 mice have reduced production of proinflammatory (TNFα, IL-6, IFNκ, IL-17A) and immunomodulatory cytokines (IL-12(p70), IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-12) [p40], and chemokines (CXCL1, CCL11, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5) [158] compared to wild-type mice.