STAT5B and osteoarthritis: The NF-κB is involved in acute inflammation induced by LPS [38] and carrageenan [39], as well as chronic inflammation in conditions such as type 2 diabetes [40], oral mucosa inflammation [41], environment-derived osteoarthritis [42], etc. The STAT5 and NF-κB have been assessed to be present in statistically higher amount in the peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with axSpA [43] The suppression of NF-κB can mediate inflammation through the JAK2-STAT5 pathway [44].