NUCB1 and depressive symptom measurement: Considering simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or simian/human immunodeficiency virus-infected (SHIV) rhesus macaques (RMs) have been widely utilized in pathogenic mechanisms of neuroAIDS [19,20] to unravel the possible involvement of NUCB1 in the pathophysiology of depression among PLWHA, we studied SHIV-infected RMs because the viral replication and pathological changes in the brain of infected RMs resembles those in PLWHAs.