In particular, multiple metabolic pathways were upregulated in solid LUAD-derived CD8 + T cells (Fig. 3I, Additional file 4: Table S4), some of which were also found to be upregulated in tumor cells from solid samples, such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, cysteine and methionine, taurine, hypotaurine, and pyruvate metabolism. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.