GADD45A and central nervous system cancer: In breast cancer, PSMD12 inhibits the expression of apoptosis-related genes such as TXNIP, GADD45A and GDAA45B to promote the malignant phenotype of tumor cells.8 In glioma, PSMD12 upregulates the expression of the transcription factor Nrf2, thereby promoting the proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma cells.9 Our study first reported that the expression of PSMD12 in liver cancer was significantly higher than that in normal liver tissues, and the high expression of PSMD12 is closely related to the poor prognosis of liver cancer patients.