In the present study, NGF and VEGF levels were measured in the plasma of mares diagnosed with placental insufficiency and/or dystocia, in the amniotic fluid, in the umbilical vein, in the plasma of their foals affected by NE (in the first 72 h of life—group NE), and in foals affected by NE admitted within 24 h after birth (in the first 72 h of hospitalization—group exNE). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is placental insufficiency.