While SIRT1 may have an antiinflammatory role systemically (12, 13), likely via deacetylation of FOXP3 (14, 15), proinflammatory roles of SIRT1 have also been reported (16–18), whereby T cell– (19) or DC-specific (20) SIRT1 deletion protected mice from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of CNS inflammatory demyelinating disease. Here, SIRT1 is linked to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.