In glioblastoma, Wang M. et al. showed that the binding of Glial Cell-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) to immune cell receptors (e.g., EGFR) promotes the activation of mTOR, contributing to the activation of the immune cell metabolism [258], and Yan et al. reported that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway regulates HIF-1α, which is involved in reprogramming immune cell metabolism [259]. This evidence concerns the gene GDNF and glioblastoma.