SIRT1 and diabetes mellitus: A recent essay has addressed nutraceuticals with potential for promoting this complex process [121]—they include agents which boost Sirt1 activity (see below), activate AMPK (berberine—a nutraceutical derived from the rhizomes of Coptis chinensis, used in traditional Chinese medicine for diabetes control, and now well documented to aid glycemic control in type 2 diabetics), stimulate Nrf2 (as discussed above), and activate PPARα (astaxanthin), as well as the dietary polyamine spermidine [122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131].