Since salinomycin down-regulates the expression of these three transcription factors in many lines of cancer stem cells, and based on the findings described above, (–)-xanthatin may reduce the viability of mammospheres via the GADD45G-mediated abrogation of NF-κB signaling, resulting in the down-regulation of Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2 in the spheres (Figure 3A). Here, SOX2 is linked to cancer.