TRAF3 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Li et al. identified multiple somatic mutations in the genes encoding negative regulatory molecules of the NF-κB pathway in 41% (43/105) of patients with NPC by performing whole-exon sequencing (WES), including the cylindromatosis (CYLD), TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), and NFKB inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA) genes [11].