For example, non-Dsg autoantibodies against Dsc3, M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3AR), and SPCA1 isolated from the sera of patients with anti-Dsg1/3 autoantibody-negative PV were found to be pathogenic, working synergistically with each other to cause acantholysis [8]. Here, DSG1 is linked to acquired polycythemia vera.