TGFB1 and Hepatic fibrosis: To evaluate the therapeutic potential of this NP system, they tried to deliver ASO targeting TGF-β1 mRNA with Chol3-Td for treating liver fibrosis in the mouse model and compared the potency of ASO@Chol3-Td with the clinically approved liver-targeting ligand, trivalent N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc3).