The leading pathways of enrichment are mainly AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, hepatitis B, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, apoptosis, prostate cancer, human cytomegalovirus infection, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, etc. (Fig. 4a). Here, TNF is linked to hepatitis B virus infection.