All 3 genes (DARC/ACKR1, ABCC1, and HMMR), influenced by 3 of the 6 tested risk alleles, including rs2814778 (the allele maximal risk, across studies, and the 1 that confers the risk of BEN; ref. 19) were significantly enriched among nonprogressors, whereas 2 of the 4 protective alleles were significantly enriched among the progressors (Table 1). Here, ACKR1 is linked to Balkan nephropathy.