They activate macrophages by recognising CD44 (cluster of differentiation 44) or macrophage antigen 1 (Mac-1), stick to the endothelium to target the inflammatory region of RA for drug administration, and depict macrophage mimics to cooperate with NF-kB and colony-stimulating factor (CSF) receptor activator (RANKL) for osteoclast prevention67,68. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and rheumatoid arthritis.