In a subcutaneous LLC tumor model, inhibition of c-Maf partially overcomes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy; Likewise, c-Maf is expressed in human M2 and tumor-infiltrating macrophages/monocytes as well as circulating monocytes in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and plays an important role in regulating its immunosuppressive activity (104). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.