This is evident also in Th17 cells obtained from Crohn’s disease patients, where higher levels of FOXP3 and IL-10 are noted upon exposure to UCB in association with FANA oligonucleotides targeting PGK1 or ALDOA. Blockade of these genes boosts the expression of CD39 ectoenzyme, the levels of which are impaired in Th17 cells derived from the peripheral blood and lamina propria of Crohn’s disease patients36, as a result of altered regulation at the genetic and transcriptional levels5,18,22,37. Here, FOXP3 is linked to Crohn disease.