There are a few reports where caspase-activation in cancer cells may be altered, mostly by down-regulation of Apaf-1 in melanoma (although with unknown frequency [12]) and in pancreatic cancer [13], and cardiomyocytes have been reported to express little Apaf-1 and to generate only low caspase-activity [14]. This evidence concerns the gene APAF1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.