Variants in CBL, CEBPA, CSF3R, DDX41, ETNK1, ETV6, EZH2, FLT3, GATA2, IDH1, KIT, NPM1, NRAS, PTPN11 and STAG2 were recurrently detected in MDS and sAML (Supplementary Table 11), but not in individuals with CH. Here, CEBPA is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.