AKR1C1 and kidney cancer: Upregulation of genes associated with other diseases, renal dysfunction or cancer was also observed, such as Fras1 (Fraser syndrome 1), Cyp21a1 (congenital adrenal hyperplasia), Dbh (associated with kidney dysfunction), and Akr1c1/Myt1/Myf6/Scg2 (kidney cancer) (Figure 1B).