DVL1 and dysplasia: In comparison with normal tissues, dysplasia showed increased expression levels of cytoplasmic β-catenin, E-cadherin, α-catenin (p < 0.001), c-Myc, and DVL (p = 0.02, p = 0.009 respectively), and in ESCC compared to dysplasia tissues (p < 0.001) with the exception of cytoplasmic E-cadherin.