Although additive effects of smoking, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and immunosuppressive drugs are noticed in the recent literature, there is quite a heterogeneity in the development of lymphoma in some patients.3 Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is the main cytokine that plays a culprit role in chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, TNF is linked to lymphoma.