On one hand, TGF-β1 can induce activation of Foxp3+, regulatory T cell subset (Treg), which suppresses renal injury and on the other hand can induce T cell differentiation to T17 subtype (Th17), which plays a significant role in inflammation in some forms of GN.37 These cells are called Th17 cells because they produce the interleukin (IL)-17 cytokine. Here, TGFB1 is linked to ganglioneuroma.