GSDME and neoplasm: Further experiments demonstrated TMAO increases anti-tumor immunity by enhancing the function of CD8 + T cells, largely through induction of pyroptosis by upregulating pyroptotic markers Gasdermin E (GSDME) and downstream kinase protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), which functions as an endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor (Figure 2).18,46 This study is important for two reasons.