Interestingly, in the 3D culture system, treatment of prostate cancer cells with APM impaired not only the initiation of 3D tumor spheres but also the growth of established ones in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 6D–F), suggesting that APM may be able to inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer stem-like cells. The gene discussed is ANPEP; the disease is Familial prostate cancer.