TGFB1 and renal fibrosis: This means that administration of SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic nethropathy could restore nephrin expression in glomeruli, attenuate nephrin loss in the urine and relieve podocyte apoptosis, inhibit TGF-β1 expression in glomeruli, enhance TGF-β1 secretion by the renal pathway, and ameliorate the progression of renal fibrosis, which is aligned with the results in db/db diabetic mice28.