SMAD4 and pancreatic neoplasm: Since we have found a relationship between the gemcitabine response and SMAD4 protein levels, we altered SMAD4 expression by transiently transfecting either a specific siRNA or overexpression vector of SMAD4 into pancreatic cancer cells to detect the effect of SMAD4 expression levels on PDAC cellular susceptibility to gemcitabine.