Typical genetic alterations observed in PDAC include activation of the oncogene KRAS (>90%), inactivation or loss of tumor suppressor genes such as CDKN2A (95%), TP53 (50–75%), SMAD4 (~55%), PTEN (~60%) and mutation of the DNA repair gene BRCA2 (7–19%), contributing to tumor progression or relapse6–9. Here, SMAD4 is linked to neoplasm.