PTEN and age-related macular degeneration: In 2020, Yang and colleagues used CasRx, which is derived from type D, to knockdown Pten, Pcsk9, and lncLstr in mouse hepatocytes and successfully modulate complex metabolic networks.173 The researchers also targeted vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), an angiogenic growth factor, and suppressed choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a mouse model of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).174