VEGFA and glioma: Similar to other gliomas, EPNs overexpress vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs); this overexpression has been correlated with poor survival.[4,5] VEGF/VEGFR signaling plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis, which is an essential step in tumor growth and metastasis.