Additionally, the percentages of tumor cells, intra-tumoral CD163+ macrophages and Treg cells in close proximity to CD8+ T cells were higher in female metastases than in male lesions, as well as the percentages of PD-L1+ tumor cells and CD163-negative macrophages within a 20 μm radius from PD-1+ CTL (Fig. 9A). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.