DNA amplification events (broad and focal) resulted in significantly elevated RNA levels for all 49 PSM genes in amplified samples compared to non-amplified samples (P adjusted < 0.05; Supplementary Table 1), including PSMB4 (1q21.3), PSMD4 (1q21.3), and PSMB3 (17q12) that demonstrated focal amplifications in > 10 cancer types (Fig. 2B-D). This evidence concerns the gene PSMB4 and cancer.