HCV NS3/4A, NS5A, and NS5B are known players in HCV replication, pathogenesis and its progression towards HCC by regulating various cellular pathways including PKA/p38, p53/p21, NFkB, IRF3, Wnt/β-catenin (regulated by NS3/4A), JAK/STAT3, p53, BCL2, NFkB, VEGF, p13k/AKT/ mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, TLR (regulated by NS5A) and E2F/Rb (NS5B). The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.