P2RX4 and infection: Conducting more studies linking alterations in gut microbes with eATP and related purinergic receptors could provide more evidence for SFB-related metabolic mechanisms. Infection or immunity induces Tfh cells to produce complex immune responses, the disruption of Tfh cells can also alter the intestinal commensal community, and dysbiosis of the microbiota in the gut can stimulate Tfh cells to participate in immune regulation, emphasizing the importance played by Tfh cells in intestinal immune homeostasis.