Despite the reduced HIF-regulated transcripts and the increased intracellular growth of M. tuberculosis in MGO-treated BMM, MGO treatment of BMM increased the HIF-1α protein levels when measured before and after infection with M. tuberculosis (Fig. 4L and M), suggesting that the reduced levels of HIF-1-regulated transcripts are not due the destabilization of HIF-1α. Here, HIF1A is linked to infection.