VAPB and Parkinson disease: Moreover, damage to the VAPB-PTPIP51 tethers and ER-mitochondria signaling is linked to the major human neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and FTD/ALS (Stoica et al., 2014; Stoica et al., 2016; Paillusson et al., 2017; Lau et al., 2020; Gomez-Suaga et al., 2022).