NFKB1 and cyst: Activation of inflammatory pathways NFκB and STAT3, inhibition of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory Nrf2 signaling, and oxidative stress are associated with the upregulation of multiple inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6) and chemokines (MCP1) that promote cyst growth, interstitial inflammation and fibrosis.