INS and Insulin resistance: Most importantly, the change in these pioglitazone-associated AT genes significantly correlated with the change in key clinical measures of insulin secretion and function (fasting plasma insulin –FPI, insulin AUC, and insulin resistance in AT –Adipo IR), lipid metabolism (rate of free fatty acids disappearance –K_FFA, serum FFA concentration, HDL, and LDL), glycemic control (fasting plasma glucose –FPG), and body composition (waist circumference, tissue fat, free fat mass, and total mass) (absolute |r|≥0.45, P<0.05, FDR<0.1, Figures 4L-Z).