Specifically, the well-established role for phosphatidylinositol triphosphate (PI (3–5)P3) signaling to regulate insulin sensitivity and cell metabolism via modulation of Akt activity (36, 37), as well as tumor growth (38, 39) and migration of T lymphocytes via modulation of FoxO signaling (40, 41), among others, underscore the mechanistic impact of pioglitazone treatment in the modulation of metabolism, inflammation, and the tumor microenvironment. Here, INS is linked to neoplasm.