MAPK3 and central nervous system cancer: Similarly, PEBP4 knockdown can activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway, thereby inhibiting proliferation and migration in glioma cells (Huang et al., 2019), whereas its overexpression can potentiate tumor growth by stimulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (Yu et al., 2015).